CASE FILES
Intelligence from the field
Jurisdiction briefings, case intelligence, sector analysis, and collection strategy from InterStation's field operations.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Spain for Overseas Companies: Proceso Monitorio and Law 3/2004
Overseas creditors collect Spanish B2B debt via burofax demand, Proceso Monitorio payment order under LEC Arts. 812–818, and EU enforcement. Limitation is five years since 2015.
Overseas Debt Collection
Is It Worth Chasing a Small International Debt? Honest Answer
Below USD 2,000-3,000, a small international debt usually is not worth chasing. Four exceptions flip the math. Decision framework inside.
Overseas Debt Collection
Can a Collection Agency Collect Debt in a Foreign Country?
Yes, but only through licensed local partners. How the network model works, which jurisdictions require collection licensing, and where the compliance traps sit.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Italy for Foreign Creditors: Decreto Ingiuntivo Guide
How foreign creditors pursue Italian debtors using decreto ingiuntivo, Art. 642 provisional enforcement, and EU cross-border instruments.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Singapore Commercial: APAC Common-Law Hub
Singapore commercial collection using IRDA statutory demand, the Simplified Process, SICC and SIAC. Creditor-side intelligence for foreign claimants.
Overseas Debt Collection
Customer Disputes Invoice But Still Owes Money Overseas
A disputed invoice is a legal position, not a refusal to pay. Learn how to triage, separate, and collect the undisputed portion under CISG rules.
Overseas Debt Collection
When to Write Off International Debt vs Collect: Decision Framework
A candid decision framework from a collection network that turns clients away on uneconomic files. Three inputs, tax-adjusted math, and honest exclusions.
Overseas Debt Collection
Client Abroad Won't Pay Invoice: What Are My Options
Five realistic options when a foreign client stops paying. Costs, timelines, and a decision framework by debt size. Creditor-side intelligence.
Overseas Debt Collection
What Happens When You Send a Debtor to Collections: 10-Step Guide
The 10-step operational sequence for international commercial collection placement, with day triggers and creditor responsibilities.
Overseas Debt Collection
How International Debt Collection Actually Works: 12-Step Playbook
The definitive 12-step operational playbook for international B2B collection. Day triggers, cost ranges, named procedures, jurisdiction variation.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Canada for Foreign Companies: Federal and Provincial Routes
How foreign creditors collect B2B debt in Canada: 2-year limitations, per-province small claims tiers, Quebec civil law, and enforcement of foreign judgments.
Industry Intelligence
Textile Debt Collection Turkey Italy: CISG Corridor Guide
Italy-Turkey textile disputes turn on CISG Articles 38 and 39. The definitive corridor guide for Turkish converters and Italian buyers.
Industry Intelligence
SaaS Subscription Debt Collection from US Companies
Collect unpaid SaaS subscriptions from US buyers: MSA enforcement, Bankruptcy Code § 365, arbitration, and state court routes for foreign vendors.
Industry Intelligence
Logistics & Freight Debt Collection Netherlands | CMR & Boek 8
Cross-border freight collection in the Netherlands: CMR one-year limitation, Boek 8 transport law, Rotterdam maritime chamber, TLN and AVC conditions.
Industry Intelligence
Manufacturing Debt Collection Germany: Payment Delays Playbook
How foreign suppliers collect unpaid invoices from German Mittelstand manufacturers using Mahnverfahren, BGB § 288 interest, and retention of title.
Industry Intelligence
Food and Beverage Debt Collection International: Perishable B2B
Cross-border B2B collection for food and beverage exporters. GAFTA and FOSFA arbitration, CISG Art. 38 for perishables, cold chain evidence.
Industry Intelligence
IT Consulting Debt Collection International | InterStation
How IT consultancies collect unpaid T&M, fixed-fee and milestone invoices across borders using deemed acceptance, IP leverage and arbitration.
Overseas Debt Collection
Debt Collection vs Debt Recovery International: Terminology
Why the words differ across UK, US, Germany, France, Italy, UAE, and why InterStation uses collection under ICC URC 522 and UNCITRAL.
Overseas Debt Collection
How Much Does International Debt Collection Cost? Honest Pricing
A straight answer on international debt collection pricing: fee ranges, break-even thresholds, and a cost estimator built for creditors.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Ireland for Overseas B2B Creditors: Commercial Court
How overseas creditors collect B2B debts in Ireland using the Commercial List, EU payment orders, and SI 580/2012 statutory interest.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Australia for Foreign Creditors: Statutory Demand Guide
How foreign creditors collect B2B debts in Australia using the AUD 4,000 statutory demand, cross-vesting, and Foreign Judgments Act registration.
Overseas Debt Collection
Cost of International Debt Collection: A 2026 Pricing Framework
Transparent fee ranges, jurisdiction cost tables, and the break-even math that tells you when to instruct and when to write off.
Industry Intelligence
Automotive Parts Debt Collection Cross-Border: Tier Supplier Guide
Quality chargebacks, tooling disputes, and JIS penalties ruin tier supplier cash flow. The dispute taxonomy and EDI evidence trail that wins.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Poland for Foreign Companies: Art. 118 & EPU
Creditor intelligence on Poland's 3-year Art. 118 limitation, the Lublin e-court EPU payment order, KRS checks, and Brussels I Recast enforcement.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Israel for Overseas B2B Creditors: Hotzaa LaPoal
How foreign creditors enforce B2B debts in Israel via the Execution Office, Magistrate Court, and the 7-year prescription window.
Overseas Debt Collection
International Payment Terms Best Practice B2B: The Complete Guide
The complete preventive architecture for B2B international payment terms, tied to Rome I, Brussels I Recast, Directive 2011/7/EU, and URC 522.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Hong Kong for Foreign Creditors: Common Law Gateway
How foreign creditors pursue Hong Kong debtors using statutory demands, District Court claims and the 2024 Mainland Judgments Ordinance.
Jurisdictions
Debt Collection Switzerland: Betreibung, Lugano, Non-EU Route
Swiss Betreibung gives you a payment order in two weeks with a 10-day opposition window. Lugano Convention governs cross-border enforcement.
Overseas Debt Collection
Debtor Pays In Different Currency Than Invoice: What To Do
Comparative legal guide for creditors receiving wrong-currency payments. English, German, French, Italian and US rules. Practical reservation playbook.
Overseas Debt Collection
Foreign Debtor Ignoring Emails and Calls: A Decision Framework
Your overseas counterparty has gone silent. Here is what the silence means, how to preserve evidence, and when to escalate without losing leverage.
How to Chase Overdue Invoices From Overseas Customers
A four-phase protocol for credit controllers chasing foreign receivables: day triggers, jurisdiction-specific channels, KPIs, and EU statutory rights.
Debtor Refuses to Pay International Invoice: Creditor Playbook
A refusal is a legal position, not silence. Learn the three categories of refusal, CISG Article 72, and EAPO pre-judgment asset freezing.
How to Check If a Foreign Company Is Safe to Do Business With
A practical pre-sale due diligence checklist using free public registries, UBO data, sanctions lists and six verified trust signals.
Client Filed Bankruptcy Overseas: What Creditors Do Now
Foreign debtor just entered insolvency. Stop collection, file proof of claim, and meet the 2-month window. Cross-border creditor playbook.
Debtor Sold the Company and Still Owes You Money: Cross-Border
Share sale or asset sale, successor liability, actio pauliana. The precise doctrines that decide whether your international claim survives.
How Long to Wait Before Hiring a Collection Agency (B2B Timing)
The decay curve, three hard escalation triggers, and jurisdiction-specific windows for instructing a B2B collection agency. Waiting compounds cost.
Debt Collection Mexico for US Companies: Juicio Ejecutivo and USMCA
How US creditors collect B2B debt in Mexico using Juicio Ejecutivo Mercantil, pagaré instruments, and New York Convention arbitration.
How to Collect Old Debt from a Foreign Company: Limitation Triage
Limitation periods by country, three-category triage for aged invoices, and the 1974 Limitation Convention rule most creditors miss.
Debt Collection Japan for Foreign Companies: Tokusoku Tetsuzuki & 2020 Reform
How foreign creditors collect Japanese B2B debt after the 2020 Civil Code reform: Tokusoku Tetsuzuki, 3% interest, dual limitation periods.
Debt Collection China for Foreign Companies: 2024 HK Bridge
How foreign creditors collect from Mainland Chinese debtors using CIETAC arbitration, the 2024 Hong Kong enforcement bridge, and the Shixin blacklist.
Industry Intelligence
Wholesale and Distribution Debt Collection: High-Volume Receivables for B2B Suppliers
B2B wholesale and distribution debt collection. High-volume receivables, goods-in-transit disputes, credit note manipulation, and exclusivity enforcement.
Industry Intelligence
Energy and Commodities Debt Collection: Cross-Border Disputes for Traders and Suppliers
Cross-border energy and commodities debt collection. LC disputes, ISDA enforcement, force majeure claims, sanctions screening, and trade finance instruments.
Industry Intelligence
Healthcare B2B Debt Collection: Device Suppliers, Pharma Distributors, and Equipment Lessors
B2B healthcare debt collection for device suppliers, pharma distributors, and equipment lessors. Hospital procurement delays, regulatory complexity, sovereign i
Industry Intelligence
Professional Services Debt Collection: Unpaid Invoices for Overseas Creditors
Collect unpaid professional services invoices across borders. Scope creep defenses, engagement letter enforcement, and fee dispute patterns analyzed.
Industry Intelligence
Construction Debt Collection: Retention Money, Adjudication, and Subcontractor Chain Liability Across Borders
International construction debt collection requires navigating retention clauses, adjudication timelines, performance bonds, and subcontractor chain liability.
Industry Intelligence
Freight Debt Collection: Cargo Liens, CMR Convention, and Cross-Border Carrier Liability
Cross-border freight debt collection involves cargo lien mechanics, CMR Convention limits, broker-carrier liability splits, and demurrage disputes. Since 1999.
Industry Intelligence
SaaS Debt Collection: Subscription Disputes, IP Jurisdiction, and Service Suspension Across Borders
B2B SaaS debt collection across borders involves subscription disputes, IP jurisdiction complexity, and service suspension leverage. Intelligence-led since 1999
Industry Intelligence
Manufacturing Debt Collection: Extended Payment Terms, Defect Disputes, and Cross-Border Enforcement
Manufacturing debt collection across borders requires navigating 60-90 day payment terms, defect disputes, and retention clauses. Intelligence-led approach sinc
Cross-Border Collection
Intelligence-Led International Debt Collection
Intelligence-led international debt collection uses registry, ownership, asset, and litigation data to determine strategy before any contact with the debtor.
Intelligence Services
Cross-Border Skip Tracing: Locating Debtors Across Jurisdictions
Cross-border skip tracing locates debtors across jurisdictions using commercial registries, beneficial ownership mapping, property records, social media OSINT, and correspondent networks.
Intelligence Services
International Debtor Investigation: Intelligence Before Collection
Intelligence-led debtor investigation maps registry filings, beneficial ownership, insolvency status, asset positions, and litigation history across jurisdictions before collection begins.
Country Intelligence
Debt Collection in Saudi Arabia: What Foreign Companies Need To Know
Saudi Arabia's Najiz e-filing system, Execution Courts, and Vision 2030 judicial reforms have made collection faster. Here's the practical framework.
Cross-Border Collection
How To Collect a Debt Without Losing the Client
60%+ of debtor relationships improve after professional collection. The formal process gets more respect than the informal pleading. Here's how.
Country Intelligence
Debt Collection in Brazil: The Hardest Jurisdiction and How To Win
Brazilian courts take 12-24 months. Amicable collection takes 60-90 days. The ação monitória exists. The BRL volatility matters. Here's what works.
Case Intelligence
How To Protect Your Business From International Non-Payment (Before It Happens)
The best debt is the one that never goes overdue. Five layers of protection for companies selling internationally — from credit checks to early action triggers.
Legal Frameworks
Debt Collection in Belgium: The Betalingsbevel and What Foreign Creditors Miss
Belgium's bilingual legal system confuses foreign creditors. Dutch or French courts depend on the debtor's location. The betalingsbevel is fast and cheap. Here's how.
Country Intelligence
Collecting an Unpaid Invoice From the UAE: A Practical Guide
The UAE has one of the strongest legal frameworks for creditors in the Middle East. Bounced cheques can carry criminal liability. DIFC has its own English-language court system.
Cross-Border Collection
When Your Biggest Client Becomes Your Biggest Risk
If a single client represents more than 15% of your revenue and their invoices are overdue, you have a concentration risk that no amount of polite emails will resolve.
Case Intelligence
5 Signs Your Debtor Is About To Go Insolvent
Five warning signs that a debtor is heading for insolvency — and why the average recovery for unsecured creditors is below 5%.
Legal Frameworks
European Payment Order: The EU Tool Nobody Uses
The European Payment Order is a standardised EU procedure that lets you enforce an uncontested commercial debt across all member states using a single form, for under €100.
Country Intelligence
How To Collect a Debt in Turkey: What Foreign Companies Get Wrong
To collect a commercial debt in Turkey, start with a formal İhtar sent through a notary. Most European creditors skip this step and waste months on English-language emails.
Case Intelligence
68,574 French Businesses Failed 2025 — Most of Them Closed
68,574 French insolvencies in 2025; late payments cost €15bn and add +39.5 days. Large firms are the worst offenders.
Country Intelligence
Tariffs, Risk, Late Payments: CFOs Resilient Operations
Tariffs drive 3%+ price hikes and delayed payables—tightening cash. CFOs are fortifying credit policy and collections to cut DSO in 2026.
Industry Insights
Scorekeeper, Strategic Partner: AI Rewriting CFO Playbook
From scorekeeper to strategist: AI automates collections and compliance, cuts DSO, and equips CFOs with real-time risk forecasts.
Industry Insights
Fractional All Economy: Companies Are Outsourcing CFOs etc
CFO turnover hit 22%. Fractional teams tighten controls and reduce risk across collections, legal, and compliance at a fraction of full-time cost.
Case Intelligence
Data-Driven Collection: Mastercard's AI CFO About the Future
Mastercard’s AI CFO flags payment risk in 72 hours. The same anomaly detection makes B2B collections predictive—not reactive.
Legal Frameworks
Overseas Debt Collections What Your Solicitor Won't Tell You
Your solicitor’s letter can’t cross borders—without local enforcement, you lose time. Act within 90 days: recoveries hit 85%; after 12 months, <40%.
Case Intelligence
Unpaid Invoices: You Abandon Overseas Collection Too Early
Stop writing off overseas invoices. Contingency collection puts risk on us—no upfront fees—and even $8k–$47k debts are recoverable.
Legal Frameworks
Debt Statute of Limitations in Europe: Full Briefing
Limitation clocks run in the debtor’s jurisdiction. Miss them—often 3–5 years in Europe—and your claim becomes legally unenforceable.
Industry Insights
Company Restructuring: Options for Name Changes or Dissolve
A name change or dissolution doesn't erase debt. Deploy successor liability, clawbacks, director claims, and asset tracing to recover.
Case Intelligence
Evasive Debtors: How to Recognise & Counter Stalling Tactics
Spot stalling tactics early. Set hard deadlines, demand written disputes, and escalate—before limitation clocks time-bar your claim.
Legal Frameworks
Pre-Legal Collection: Diplomacy Outperforms Courtroom
Diplomacy recovers faster: over 70% of international B2B cases resolve pre-legal—cutting months and legal spend. Litigate only when enforcement is viable.
Industry Insights
Cost of Unpaid International Invoices: the Balance Sheet
An unpaid $200k international invoice isn't $200k lost - it adds $12-18k in capital cost, $3-8k in admin, and missed growth. Price the real risk.
Cross-Border Collection
Debt Collection Middle East: UAE, Saudi Arabia, Enforcement
Enforcement in the Gulf isn't Europe. UAE cheque reform (AED 200k) and Saudi 5-year limits reset leverage; collect with local enforcement.
Industry Insights
Debt Collection Market Size in Europe: €24.2 Billion Across 30+ Jurisdictions
Europe's debt collection market reached €24.2B in 2025. Country data, the North-South payment gap, software growth to $4.3B, and what it means for international creditors.
Legal Frameworks
German Mahnverfahren Payment Order: The EUR 32 Legal Door (And What It Actually Costs Now)
The most cost-effective collection instrument in European law costs less than a business lunch. Here is how it works and why most foreign creditors never file one.
Country Intelligence
Collecting Debt UAE Three Legal Systems: Onshore, DIFC, ADGM
Mainland Dubai, DIFC, and ADGM each operate under different courts with different rules. How to navigate the layered jurisdiction without losing months.
Country Intelligence
BacenJud Effect: How Brazilian Courts Attach Bank Accounts
A court order reaches every bank in Brazil in seconds. The debtor finds out when their card is declined. Inside the most powerful enforcement tool in Latin America.
Legal Frameworks
European Payment Order: One Form, 27 Countries (Almost)
The EPO is the EU's best-kept collection secret. No hearing required. If the debtor does not oppose within 30 days, it is enforceable from Lisbon to Tallinn.
Cross-Border Collection
Construction Retention Clauses Collection: FIDIC, JCT and VOB/B
A debtor withholding 100% of the final account while citing a 5% retention right is not exercising a contractual mechanism. They are avoiding payment.